Suitable Age to Retire

Everything will stop, and so will working. Someday, people will have to stop working. The point where a person stops employment completely is called retirement. (Anon, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retirement). However, there are some problems in deciding the suitable age to retire. In some countries, the average worker is obliged to retire at the age of 50, while in others people can work until they are 65 or 70. So, until what age should people retire from their jobs?

In my opinion, 65 is the ideal age for worker to stop employment, because as long as people in the age of 50 still can remain working productively, it is all right to postpone their retirement, so that they still can do the work and give the employer the best thing they can do. Their skills are still needed, and also their creativity. However, when they are at the age of 65, they must be unable to do several things that they could do when they were younger, so that they have to stop employment at that age.

Moreover, by still working at the age of 65, worker can save more money for their retirement time. One of the major reasons that makes The United States National Commission recommends raising the “normal” retirement age is older worker will be in greater demand in the future years (Anon, http://www.ssa.gov/history/pdf/80chap5.pdf). In future years, living cost will be increasing, so that worker should save more money to earn their own living when they are retired. They will not have to ask for money to their sons and daughters because they have their own savings. Their savings also can be used for enjoying their retirement time, such as doing their hobbies like traveling, painting, or else.

In conclusion, it is all right for people to postpone their retirement at the age of 65. By giving them more time to work, they can do their best for the employer because they are still productive and creative. Furthermore, they also can save more money for their retirement time and does not have to ask for living cost to their sons and daughters.

References:

Anon. Web: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retirement


Anon. Web: http://www.ssa.gov/history/pdf/80chap5.pdf

Task 4 : The Positive and Negative Effects of Television

Television, one of electrical devices which has been part of people’s lives, is widely used as source of entertainment, education and information. Besides of its advantageous function, there are contradictions where some people agree and disagree that television gives negative effects which are dangerous for family life and any sense of community. I disagree with the statement, seeing that the postive effects that are gotten from television are more than the negative effects.

Watching television entertains, educates, and informs. This three factual advantages developed, giving more and more advantages. The value of family life could increase when they spent time together, and the ability of television to entertain supports this condition to happen. There are shows which fit all generations and could make people happy watching it. When members of the family watch the shows, they laugh, and a comforting atmosphere is created. This happens to tighten the emotional relation between each member of the family. The educative use of television brings parents nearer with their children, the children could learn from the television and at the same time their parents teach them. This quality time is very expensive, and this could be created by watching the television. Other advantage of television is people could build a good and complementing relationship. The information people get from television is very fast, and the spreading information could start conversations that builts relationships between people. The three important roles of television gives positive effects for family life and sense of community.

However, it is undeniable that television also gives some negative effects. Almost all TV shows are fiction, based on the author imagination, causing some stories are the opposite of the reality. Children and teenagers might learn unapropriate things by watching television, thinking that it is the best and ideal condition of life. Children might learn dangerous activities while teenagers might practice them. Looking at this condition, parents have to guide children to understand the negative effects and telling them that those unapropriate things should not be learnt.

In conclusion, television gives positive and negative effects. It could be entertaining, educative, and informative to people, which are the three positive effects, as well as increase the value of family life and sense of community. The negative effects that might be given could be prevented if the audience are guided correctly.

Retire Age, Should We Care About It?

Retirement must be happen in every job. Teachers, lectures, doctors, businessmen, and even military people must be retire when they reach their retire age. Based on Wikipedia, “Retirement is the point where a person stops employment completely (Wikipedia. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retirement)”. In every institution or department, retirement must be happen.

There are many reasons why people retire from their job. The reasons can be physical condition, social live in the place where someone works, and the reach of retire age. But, now we will only discuss the reason why people should retire or not by the retire age factor.

The retire age in every institution or company is different. Let us have some examples. In banking company the retire age of the worker is different because of its position in the office. The Teller retire age is only 30s but if you are a non-Teller worker, your retire age is 55. There is another difference between worker, lecture and teachers. Lecture retire age is 65, it happens in ITB. Teachers in state schools retire when they reach 60 years old. But person like scientist, politicians, professor reach their retire age when they are 70s. Even, some worker in United States still works when they are 85. Because they have reason, “In the US the cost of social security and medical care would almost double if people retired at 65 (Rincon, Paul. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/4726300.stm)”.

There are examples of retire age in some kind of institution and country. I think, I agree with the statement of Paul Rincon. The retire age must be over 65. Because, if someone retire when they are under 65 it will increase the number of jobless in country. If the number of the jobless increase, it will affect other problems in that country. The other problems can be crime, poverty, and many jobless everywhere. Those problems especially happen in Indonesia. In Indonesia, the average retire age is between 50-55 years old. And I think, in this age people still able to work as good as when they are young. And the institution must be look for other factors why the workers should retire over 65.

So, my conclusion is, workers should have worked until they reach 65 and the every institution, must pay them as a worker until they reach 65 or more. That is all my opinion on what age should people stay working.

References:

Anon. (2008 May). Retirement. [Online Article]. Retrieved May 23, 2008 from the World Wide Web: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retirement

Rincon, Paul. (2006, February 17). Retirement age 'should reach 85'. [Online Article]. Retrieved May 23, 2008 from the World Wide Web: http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/4726300.stm

The Working Time

Working is needed to earn money and fulfill our need and also, for sum of people, working in the job that they love is the way they are living. But, when do they need to stop. I think in the age of 70 is the reasonable age for people to quit and enjoy their life.

In the future the life-expectancy will go higher because the anti-aging advances (Shripad Tuljapurkar of Stanford University, www.bbcnews.com 2006). The improvement in health facility, better nutrition, new technologies founded to support the better life are having the big role in causing the fact that people will live longer year by year. Because the health of people will rise, more people can still do their job well even though they are over sixty.

For the one whom working in the job where they love it, quitting the job is kind of miserable for them. People who already accustomed to work and get busy with their work might get stress by the time they don’t do anything anymore. For these kind people, by the time they have to quit their job, the senility will come to them faster too. So, quitting by the time they get ready is the wise decision for them.

“The quality of life is important” (Adam, www.abcnews.com/nsw_push_to_lift_retirenment 2008). Most of people have spent their time only for working and working. Consider they realize or not, as a human we also need ‘another life’ like traveling, recreation, or other thing that can make our life stay away from getting stress and the important one is we can enjoy it. In the age of sixty’s, we start thinking to spent our time by not disturbed with the duties in the office anymore. That is the time for people to enjoy what they have obtained by working years by years and let the younger generation to continue it.

So, for the future, because the condition for supporting life will get better and the people also expected to live longer, I think that retirement age should be raise till the age of 70. In order to they can get done with the thing that they want to do as long as they are working and also they can enjoy the life in the rest of the time well.

Television and Social Life

Nowadays, television has become part that cannot be separated from human’s life just like eating or sleeping. It affects our life very much. Some people think that television is dangerous because it makes us keep watching it instead of maintaining our relationship with other people and it will destroy family life and any sense of community. However, I disagree with that opinion for some reasons.

First, by television, actually we can be closer to our family. A family can watch TV show together. They can laugh at comedy show, scream at horror movies, be thrilled by thriller, and there are many things that we can do together as family. For busy family, sometime there is no time to go on vacation because of the holidays schedule is not same with each other. The only place where they can be together is at home, and the only time is when they watch TV together.

Television can also maintain our relationship with other people. How come? Everyone is watching television. We can talk about our favorite show to our friends and relatives. We can also watch sport game together, for example when the final world cup, it is less fun if we watch it alone. The game will be more exciting if we watch it with our friends or our neighbors. We are also be able to know more people who has the same interest with us. And who knows from a simple watching television we can find new friends and acquaintances.

However, the opinion isn’t completely wrong. I don’t deny that there are some people who spend their life in front of television only. They eat, they work, they do anything in front of television. Television makes these people individualist and anti-socialist. They find it more fun to watch television then talk to others.

In conclusion, television has positive and negative impacts, especially in social relationship.. In the end, it all depends on us to how to use it well so it gives benefits to us. Television can be great if we know how to make it as a tool to unite us with our family, friends, and environment.

Idul Fitri, the Muslim holiday

Idul Fitri, also known as Lebaran is one of holy days of Muslims. In Arabic, idul means festivity, while fitri means holy or nature from the word fitrah. In other words , Idul Fitri means a back-to-holy-condition feast. The Muslims celebrated Idul Fitri after they get through Ramadhan, the month which they must do fasting for 29-30 days. The celebration of Idul Fitri is started by doing Salat Id in the morning. Then, the celebration afterwards varies from country-to-country. In Indonesia, after Salat Id, the Muslims visit their relatives, to maintain the relationship among them and thank God for the blessings. Also, On Idul Fitri, the Muslims give money to the poor and wear their best clothes. Idul Fitri is also the time to forgive and apologize. Idul Fitri is a joyous occasion with important religious significance. It is a day of forgiveness, moral victory, fellowship, brotherhood and unity. Muslims celebrate not only the end of fasting but also thank God for the self control and strength that Muslims believe God gave them. It is a time of giving and sharing.

TASK 3 : glass making

There are several materials which are needed to make glass. The three main things we need which are shown in the picture are sand, soda, and limestone. First of all, mixed all the three materials and make them into powder. Secondly, put the mixed-powder into a calcining furnace. Then, these powder are kept in a moderate heat for 5 or 6 hours and being frequently stirred during the process. After the process, we get frit.
According to the picture, this frit is being made into two kind of glass, plate glass and bottle glass. To make plate glass, just send the frit into rollers to be pressed. Meanwhile, to make bottle glass, send the frit to a removable mould and blow it with air at the same time to make the it harden. Finally, we can get the bottle glass after removing the removable mould.

Bandung, My Crowded Hometown

Bandung, as everyone known, is the capital city of West Java and the third biggest city in Indonesia. Those will be enough reason to explain why Bandung is so crowded although not as crowded as Jakarta. Honestly, Bandung is more crowded by the tourists than the Bandung people itself. There are so many tourists in Bandung, both local and international since Bandung is very interesting city filled of shop and tourism places. When I mentioned ‘filled’ it’s not really like ‘milk in a bottle’ but there is really really a lot of shops like factory outlet and also tourism place.

Beside its tourism places, foods are the other reason why people come to Bandung. Because Bandung also famous for its nice foods, both traditional and nontraditional foods. Many kind of foods such as durian ice or 'jajanan khas Bandung' are sold almost in every place that I’ve mentioned before. So if the tourists look for the food they can find it easily. That's one motive why tourists love to come to Bandung that some people don't notice.

The other reason there are still so many tourist in Bandung is because Bandung people itself who is very welcome to foreign people. Tourists can easily ask Bandung people and be answered friendly. That’s why international tourists love to stay in Bandung and make this city more crowded.

Television, The Good or The Bad One?

“Television is dangerous because it destroys family life and any sense of community; instead of visiting people or talking with our family we just watch television.”

I totally disagree with that statement. Since it was commercialized since the late 1930, television becomes one of the most important things in human’s life. Television affects our life, that’s true. But there are lots of positive effects than the negative ones.

One proof that television gives us lots of positive effects is we can get the news easily simply by push the button ‘on’. Maybe some people say we can use the internet to get the news around the world too, we even can get more news than they who watch television do. Yes, that’s true, but internet is not common enough for some community so they prefer to watch television than use the internet connection. So, globally people still watch the television to get news than connect to the internet, besides it is simpler, right.

The other proof that show television gives us positive things is we can get many entertainment, infotainment and edutainment as many as we want simply by one click. Television gives us lots of film, reality show, even the hot brand new gossip that can be watched together by family or friends. Sometimes those things become our conversation topic with our friends or family. That shows television doesn’t destroy family life.

But just like the other, if we too many in doing something it will give us the bad things. So if we too many watch the television it will give us the bad thing too. Television works like opium. It’s really hard to stop, when you want. You want more, more, and more. Understand what I mean? So if you stayed in front of television you will want more time to watch another show. You will prefer stay in front of the television instead of doing something more useful.

In conclusion, there are still many things that we can get from television. Television gives us lots of positive effects, because we can get many things from it. But television still gives us the negative ones if we too many watch the it.

Television and Its Effects

Television has been one of the most important electronic device in our house. It doesn’t give a fundamental effect but the presence of it brings some certain entertainment to some people. While some people really appreciate television, some other people say that television only brings bad effects and do harm things to our way of mind. I personally agree that television brings negative effects to people.

People watch television alone and usually they don’t want to be disturbed. They will ignore their family and avoid socializing. By doing this regularly, a person can become an individualist person because they will be used to being alone and having no conversation with other people. They will sit, watch, and think, all by themselves. They will get addicted to watching television and doing nothing else. Beside being individualist they can also be unproductive which can bring bad effect to their body. Bad substances will accumulate in their body ,because they don’t do many movements (sports). It will bring bad damage to them, mentally, physically, and socially.

Children nowadays love watching television. They spend a lot of their time on front of television and watch its stunning programs. They can watch cartoons, children talk show, singing and dancing show, etc. Except these positive and interesting shows, television also broadcasts shows that actually bring bad effects, such as ‘sinetron’. Sinetron, or should we call it serial movie, contains a lot of negative things that children can take example from. Such as, from sinetron ‘Mentari’ children can learn to beat their friends and swear at them because the character in that serial movie did those things. Children are still immature and they haven’t have the ability to decide which is good or bad. If children keep watching television without supervision, they will follow these negative and harmful actions and be a violent person.

From the reasons above, it is obvious that television brings negative effects to its audience more than its positive effects. People can still watch telelvision, but they must avoid watching it alone and regularly. Doing activity together with other people is much more healthy and useful rather than watching television alone.

 

 

The Process of Making Glass

Making glass requires some certain steps. First the materials, sand, soda, limestone, must be mixed and turned into powder. Then, put these materials into a calcining furnace. These materials will be heated and melted at 1700°C. While being melted, these materials have to be frequently stirred. The materials that are taken put from this step are called frit. To transform it into glass, frit must be put into a vitrifying pot. To make a plate glass, frit will be sent into rollers to be pressed. Meanwhile, to make a bottle glass, frit will be sent to a removable mould. After that, this molten glass will be blown by air which will hardened the glass. In the end, all these glass products will be smoothened and decorated according to the demand.

The Appropriate Retirement Age (Task 5)

"Retirement is generally understood to be the time when people stop working and start collecting a pension ( Gendell. “Retirement age declines again in 1990s”. Monthly Labor Review, October 2001, pp 12)". Retirement is one condition that people can’t be as productive as before. It is just a rule that used to make constraints until when the person can get enough salary.

A human physics growth is like a hyperbole curve. The curve rises until its top and then tries to decrease. If we take 70 years as a standard person life, the appropriate age in getting success in age 30-40, rest of that we have a degradation condition in functional human organs included brain. This condition is gotten from an observation that will led us to the limit of worker age then called retirement.

Many countries has claimed the retirement age in order to make a productive life on working. In USA, the government decides the retirement age at 62 in 2002. In Ireland, the government determines the age of 70 as an retirement age. Different with Indonesia government that decides age 55 until 60 as a retirement age.

There are a lot of reason why the average retirement age in one country is different from others. First reason is the retirement age is depend on the jobs competence. Every job that available has its own worker criteria. An athlete as an example needs a lot of energy and fine condition of body. This condition makes the retirement age is 30. Another example is politician. At the age 30, a politician still can work and travel to many area. The politicians need to understand people living and the condition of a country. They compete to attract sympathy from others. They don’t really need a fine condition body. The politician must be people that has a lot experience in influencing people ideas. And to reach those condition takes a lot of time, so its impossible at age 30 they stop working, in fact 30 years old is a start point to build their career.

Second, The retirement age is depend on the living environment such as country. Its has been said before, that many country has its own limit age of retirement. The retirement age in country depends on the people condition that living in the country. Beside that, the productivity of a person life in working also the main factor to claim the retirement age.

The third factor is a person health. A person life influences her/his productivity. When we have a healthy body, we can do the best in many activity. But when we get sick take an example a cold, do we can perform well in working?. Maybe we can still work but not as the best as we do when have a healthy body. Can if you imagine if the diseases need bed rest?. In this case it will be affected the person productivity.

In my opinion there is no appropriate retirement age. The retirement age is depend on many factors. It should be an adjustment between a person productivity and his/her age.

References:

Gendell, Murray (2001, October). “Retirement age declines again in 1990s”. Monthly Labor Review [ Article]. Retrieved May 21, 2008 from World Wide Web: http:// www.bls.gov/opub/mlr/2001/10/art2full.pdf

Anon. (2008 May). Retirement. [Online Article]. Retrieved May 21, 2008 from the World Wide Web : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retirement

Anon. (2008 May). Normal Retirement Age. [Online Article]. Retrieved May 21, 2008 from the World Wide Web : http:// www.investorwords.com/5685/normal_retirement_age.html - 21k -

N. Madison (2003). What is the Average Retirement Age?. [Online Article]. Retrieved May 21, 2008 from the World Wide Web :http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-the-average-retirement-age.htm - 20k

The Role of Raising Child

During this modern era, not only women that have the full charge in taking care of her children. In some families, men do. Nowadays, women are considered to have the same positons to the men. It also means that the woman can have a job as good as the man get, or even better. This phenomena also means that the men and women are now in the same level of raising their children. Of course, they have their own methods.

The different parenting techniques that men and women have can vary widely. Women are more nurturing, comforting, caring and emotionally involved. In the other hand, men are more authoritative and discipline. (Amushib1. http://moderncapitalism.wordpress.com/2008/04/11/
mom-vs-dad-whos-really-the-better-parent/)

Some people believe that women make better parents than men. We can see that the children are closer to their mum than their father. The children themselves choose mother as their favourite parent. In fact, women are more gentle than men. When the children make a mistake, they prefer to advice them tenderly. While men are different.

“Actually, women and men have the same role of raising a child. It Takes Two Parents To Raise a Successful, Functioning Child (Anon.http://www.violentacres.com/archives/129/it-takes-two-
parents-to-raise-a-successful-functioning-child).” By not existing the father role, the children will be lazy, weak, manipulative, greedy, egoist, spoiled, or even an obnoxious waste of human life. In the other hand, without mother’s role, the child will not be happy and enjoying their childhood.

Women may be considered to be a better parent than men. But, they are both have the same role of raising their children. The difference is that they apply the different value to the children. Women without men cannot raise a wonderful child.

Reference:
http://moderncapitalism.wordpress.com/2008/04/11/mom-vs-dad-whos-really-the-better-
parent/
http://www.fira.ca/cms/documents/34/Mother_Knows_Best.pdf
http://www.violentacres.com/archives/129/it-takes-two-parents-to-raise-a-successful-
functioning-child

The Best Time To Retire

Retire is stop doing your job especially because you have reached a particular age (Anon. 1983). The problem is, in many countries, there’s no certain regulation in what age employees should retire. A company could have different retire age with the others. In the other hand, government’s offices have their own regulation about retirement age and the government itself didn’t have regulation when the politicians have to retire.

It is apparent that the ideal retirement age varies widely amongst different individuals (Nielsen, 2007). In advanced countries like USA and Singapore, mostly of workers indicate an ideal retirement age between 50-65 years. On the contrary, those ages are the time when politicians begin to hold a power. Based on that fact, an ideal retirement age also depends on what job that someone does.

Common workers consideration is influenced by one main factor: financial. People with lower incomes are more likely to think life in retirement will be worse. Although people will receive a kind of pension funds, both governmental and privates, but most people doubt that it’s enough to fulfil their life needs. They’re ready to retire when they had had sufficient income to do so. Say, that in a month, people with average incomes can save about 8-10% from their salary. In three decades, they will have savings about 36 bigger than their monthly salary. And say that they made some high cost transaction; they will have net savings about 18-20 bigger than their monthly salary. I think this amounts is sufficient. How about people with lower incomes? I consider if they go to work for 10 years longer, they also will have sufficient income to retire. If we suppose that people begin to work in 25, they will ready to retire in 55-65.

Different with the common workers, politicians with relatively high income not consider their financial as their influence to decide when they should retire. Financially, they ready to retire whenever they want. I recommend that to prevent the autocracy, a politician may hold a power no longer for 10 years. If we suppose that politicians begin to sit in power in 50-55, they should retire in 60-65.

In conclusion, for common workers, the best time to retire is about 55-65 years old, depend on their sufficient income. And for politicians, the best time to retire is about 60-65 years old, just 10 years power to avoid the autocracy.

References:
Peter, D. (2007, September). Nebraska Rural Poll Research Brief [Online article]. Retrieved May 4, 2008 from the World Wide Web : http://cari.unl.edu/ruralpoll.html

Task 5: The Ideal Age of Retirement

The age of a person to retire from his job often causes pro and contra in society. It’s because the age of a person and its retirement has inter connection and have benefits if determination of retirement’s age is correct. I believe that the ideal age for people analyzed from the benefits to retire from their job is about 56-60.

In age about 56-60, the physical conditions usually does not allow a person to work hard. It’s because in that age a person reaching a determined age, and from its security, it’s more safety for their health to take a retirement. If they still want to work in that age, it will trouble people around them.

The other benefit if people taking a retirement in about 56-60, they can spend more time with their family and spend their life in pleasure. For many people, in their old age support from their family is the main thing that’s very important, and it’s good for their psychology.

“Many kinds of disease appear at 56-60, at the age of retirement” (http://www2.kompas.com/kesehatan/news.htm). The statement indicated that at the age of 56-60 are the right choices for people to retire, because at that age usually diseases will appear and contagious so it can’t help people to work.

In conclusion, the right choice for people to retire from their job is about age 56-60, because it’s good for their health and psychology. Beside that, we can take many benefits that useful for them self and for all people around us.

References:
http://www2.kompas.com/kesehatan/news.htm

Task 4: Does Television Has a Negative Effect??

Everyone certainly knows about television it is because television is hold a high rating in people’s life. The high of using television making people become addicted and accept not only information but also the negative things. I believe that by the high of using television could give a negative effect to people’s life and mind.

Many programs of television contain violence and porn. People who not filtering the program possibility will influence to doing a bad things like crime or abusing. Moreover, if children seeing that kinds of programs, it can be dangerous. Children’s minds are easier to influence than adults and they usually following what they have seen visually.

With the high rating in watching television, will make people become lazier. It is because while watching television, they usually forget what they must to do. It makes they spend their time for useless.

Some people believe that television is giving more benefits such as information, news, education, entertainment, etc. We can get any information from around the world that very useful for our life, knowing the culture from another country, and refreshing our mind with the entertainment that available in television’s program.

In conclusion, beside its benefits about giving information, television could give a negative effect that can influence our mind especially children, and with a high of using television possibility would spend many of our time.

Task3: process

There are a similar way and process in making a plate glass and bottle glass. The process are contains four main steps. First, prepare sand, soda, and limestone and put them into the furnace. Make sure that the three items are mixed well. Second, burn the mixed sand, soda, and limestone in a high temperature until they dissolve and form a liquid species. Third, divide liquid species that just burned within two edges holes. First edge hole functioned to make a plate glass and the second edge to make a bottle glass. Fourth, from the first edge hole, the liquid that begin to hard are flown into the rollers to shape a flat glass and adjust the thickness. From the second edge hole, the liquid are flowed with air and then flown into a removable mould, and after a moment we can remove the hard glass from the mould.

task 2: Bonang

Bonang is one of many kinds of Sundanese music instruments that unique and has its characteristic. Bonang has ten of small gongs that made from brass and placed horizontally into two rows in a wooden frame. Each of gongs has a different sound. Gong’s row that placed near the player has a higher sound than gongs in the other row, and the sounds are rise from the right to the left. Bonang is played with hit the gongs with the padded sticks.

There are two kinds of tone called laras in bonang music instrument, they are laras pelog and salendro. Laras pelog has a sad atmosphere of sounds and it’s usually used in traditional ceremony. Laras salendro has a cheerful atmosphere of sounds and it’s usually used to entertain people with rampak kendang or accompanying a traditional dance. In laras salendro, there are two kinds of bonang, called bonang rincik and bonang. Bonang rincik has a higher sound than bonang.

Task 1: hometown

Every Sunday morning, Gasibu square always crowded with a lot of people that comes from many places in Bandung. It is because gasibu square is one of interesting places for Bandung people. Usually, people go to Gasibu square for jogging or doing some kinds of sports. Especially in Sunday morning, there are a lot of stands on the side of the square and sell many kinds of things that interested people to come.

There are some advantages that we can get by buying things in Gasibu square in Sunday morning. First, the prices of things that sold are cheaper than prices in the shop or store. Second, there are many variant of things that sold from the stands such as daily needs, food, shirt, etc.

Retirement is determinated by job.

Retirement is determinated by job.

Retirement is the state of being retired from one occupation. There are many kinds of occupations, for example teachers, athletes, actress, actors, models, mechanics, engineers, presidents, etc. Normally people retire when they finally reached the certain age of retirement according to their company where they work. Athletes and mechanics usually retire when they 35 years old, because they will not effective to do their job more than that age. Government employees like teachers and head of a university according to their government. In some other cases, people retire because of an accident they had or a long term illness or when they already have enough savings for the future. Usually, the retirement age is being set by theirs governments in various number based on the age when a person’s body is no longer healthy enough and fit to do regular-difficult activity. The common age of retirement is 55 – 70 years old. But, many people disagree with this situation, they said that whether somebody is still capable of doing his job or not, only himself who knows. I also not agree with this.

Many occupations need the worker to be perfectly healthy and capable of doing difficult jobs, such as athletes, actress, actors, models, mechanics, etc. These people do difficult jobs. Any illness can give a big effect to their job. By being an actress or actor, people needs to keep their body fit, healthy, and good looking. They have to avoid having pimples, wrinkles, which can increase when people reach older ages. By being athletes and mechanics, people have to be strong and healthy. An athlete has to training regularly in order they can win a competition. They must avoid being weak and ill, while people get weaker than ever when they reach later ages. It is true that a lot of old people can still do sports, being an entertainer, and all, but they don’t do it regularly.

In some countries like Indonesia, many occupations such as politicians are still dominated by elder people. These people are still capable of doing their job until 60, 70, or some even 80 years old. They are considered to be wiser and more patient than the youngsters and they have much experience than the youngsters. But, in this case I don’t agree with this situation. I have some reasons for this, the first one is the politicians should content by the youngsters, because they have many ideas than the elders and the more important is they are more audacious. About the experience they can learn many things from the elders. The second one is the elders aren’t serious in meeting, some of them are sleeping and the other one talk to another one. But the youngsters maybe don’t do these things.

In the end, to decide when somebody should retire or not is actually according to them. It is themselves who know whether they are still capable of doing their job or not. These people have to set a certain standard for themselves because if they insist on keep working when actually their body can not tolerate hard works anymore, they can fall ill or even worse, lead to death. If government tell people to retire at a certain age, it will be unfair to people who are still perfectly capable in doing their job and have done great things in their life.

Reference:

Microsoft ® Encarta ® 2008. © 1993-2007 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

Thomas Junior Sembiring (13307125)

When Should People Retire?

”Retirement is the point where a person stops employment completely. This usually happens upon reaching determined age, when physical conditions don’t allow the person to work any more (by illness or accident) or even for personal choice (usually in the presence of an adequate pension or personal savings) (en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retirement)” The first reason that has been mentioned in second sentences becomes major reason why people should retire. In fact every country has their own regulation when people can retire. Different country means different regulation. That also means the age that people should retire in one country is different with another.
The retirement age around the world varies between 55 and 70. In America, the retirement age start at 65 years old. The retirement age in India starts at 58 years old. In France, the government let their train engineers, who are 50 years old to retire. While we have 55 years old in Indonesia. Many politicians, doctors, scientists and professors can still work even in their 70s while actors and athletes have 30s as their retirement age
We can see that there is a little difference in retirement age in each country. I think that could be different because different country means different culture, different habit, and of course different lifestyle. Maybe the American people’s lifestyle is better than Indonesian, so people in the same age is healthier in America than in Indonesia. It can also be American people has higher life spirit than in Indonesia, so they still productive in 65 years old.
But if we see as their profession, there is also a little difference. I think that could be happen because people see what they produce. As we all know that many actors sell their good-looking beside their acting ability. If they get older can be means they’re less interesting than they were, so people won’t be interest look at them. But that’s not close the probability that old actor can still survive. Every people must be agreeing that politicians, doctors, scientists and professors must be more productive in their old age. That could be happen because older means more experience, wiser and smarter. Doctor, scientist, and professors must have more knowledge than fresh graduate doctor and scientist. That also occurs for old politicians. They must have better thought than the young politicians do.
So I think every professions have their own retirement age, depends on what they can give to the other. So we can not decide the same retirement age for every profession because different way of work means different stop time from working.


Reference
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retirement

What time should people retire?

”Retirement is the point where a person stops employment completely. This usually happens upon reaching determined age, when physical conditions don’t allow the person to work any more (by illness or accident) or even for personal choice (usually in the presence of an adequate pension or personal savings) (en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retirement)” The first reason that has been mentioned in second sentences becomes major reason why people should retire. In fact every country has their own regulation when people can retire. Different country means different regulation. That also means the age that people should retire in one country is different with another.
The retirement age around the world varies between 55 and 70. In America, the retirement age start at 65 years old. The retirement age in India starts at 58 years old. In France, the government let their train engineers, who is 50 years old to retire. While we have 55 years old in Indonesia. Many politicians, doctors, scientists and professors can still work even in their 70s while actors and athletes have 30s as their retirement age
We can see that there’s a little differences in retirement age in each country. I think that could be different because different country means different culture, different habit, and of course different lifestyle. Maybe the American people’s lifestyle is better than Indonesian, so people in the same age is healthier in America than in Indonesia. It can also be American people has higher (semangat hidup) than in Indonesia, so they still productive in 65 years old.
But if we see as their profession, there’s also a little differences. I think that could be happen because people see what they produce. As we all know that many actors sell their good-looking beside their acting ability. If they get older can be means they’re less interesting than they were, so people won’t be interest look at them. But that’s not (menutup kemungkinan) that old actor can still survive. Every people must be agree that politicians, doctors, scientists and professors must be more productive in their old age. That could be happen because older means more(pengalaman) more (bijak) and smarter. Doctor, scientist, and professors must have more knowledge than fresh graduate doctor and scientist. That also (berlaku) for old politicians. They should be have better (pemikiran) than the young politicians do.
So I think every professions have their own retirement age, depends on what they can give to the other. So we can decide the same retirement age for every professions because different way of work means different stop time from working.


Reference
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retirement

Retirement,when?

The International Laborer Organization (ILO) has proclaimed that the Celebration for The Day of the World Laborer this year was at 1^st of May and then announced it as a May Day.

We have already stayed in an era of global that brings us to a certain complicated problem and difficulty and as the consequence that make life is hard to live. For example, the energy problem like the fuel and electric, making so many industrial products in the marketing become high price, and the society being in struggle. This pressure life, make people need more facility and salary from the institution where they are working. Meanwhile, the factory/industry has their difficulties.

This problem also emerge a controversy about an ideal retirement age. In some countries, the average worker is obliged to retire at the age of 50, while in others people can work until they are 65 or 70. Meanwhile, we see some politicians enjoying power well into their eighties. People who have reach their age to be retired need to keep working to survive with this hard condition. Meanwhile, their capability can work effectively anymore. Furthermore, this condition makes new people hard to have a job because the chance is minimum caused by people who don’t want to be retired.

Retirement is the point where a person stops employment completely. (http://www.wikipwedia.com/retirement.html). Another definition says that retirement is the period of a person's life during which he/she is no longer working, or the commencement of that period or the disposal of a fixed asset at the end of its useful life. (http://investorwords.com/retirement definitions.html).

Wikipedia says “There is different retirement age range from country to country but it is generally between 55 and 70. In the United States, while most view 65 as normal retirement age, many retire before then, sometimes with contributory causes such as job-loss, disability or wealth. However, the Old Age Survivors Insurance or OASI, better known as the Social Security system has age 62 as the earliest retirement age. Normal retirement age for Social Security has historically been age 65 to receive unreduced benefits, but it is gradually increasing to age 67. For those turning 65 in the year 2008 full benefits will be payable beginning at age 66. Police officers in the United States are typically allowed to retire at half pay after only 20 years of service or three-quarter pay after 30 years, allowing people to retire in their early forties or fifties. In 2007, retirement age for teachers in France is thirty eight years after employment and age 50 for train engineers on the SNCF, the national railway. The retirement age in India for public sector employees is enhanced from 58-60 years in July 2007. In Malaysia the retirement age has just recently been raised from 55 years to 56 years. Many politicians, scientists, lawyers, television anchors, and professors still work well into their 70s, however some actors, models, athletes, and musicians only work until their 30s.”

Actually, an ideal average age for the worker to be retired is 50 years old. By mean, with good health they can dedicate their productivity maximally, and the industry can grow up positively. Commonly, in the age 50, people’s capability to work efficiently is decreased. Because of that, people should be encouraged to stop working at 50 years old.

Thus, the industry can facilitate all the retire by guaranteed very well to keep/save their family in good establishment and can produce an excellent generation either in the future and so save the nation. This guarantee can make people get ready to be retired. They couldn’t worry about their survival anymore.

Overall, the range of retirement is important to define people from workaholic and keep the regulating worker happens. This rule can decrease the jobless level because every industry will make open recruitment each year. This conclusion also makes the human right to be guarantee because however every people have their limit to work.

References :

Anon. PHK (Pemutusan Hubungan Kerja, red) di Pabrik Spotek dan Tifico.Tempo, 2008, 20-21, May 2^nd .

www.wikipedia .com

www.investorwords.com

We don't Need Pension-task5

I find a unique topic of discussion on internet. A lot of people asking when they will get pension. They discuss it on a lot conversation just to make sure about one year difference. So I ask to myself, what for the pension is? I think that people shouldn’t get pension. They should work until die.

First, the money which we get from pension is not to much. From UU 13/2003 we knows that they only get 2 year 8 month of sallary after we pension, and we don’t know from where they get money after that(Anon:2003). Pension time only make us confuse to think from where we got money after we retired.

Yes, after 55 years old, we get the fatigue phenomena. We can work anymore on the maximum potential and we’ll be easily get tired so the work is not productive again(Anon:2003).

But the fatigue phenomena is the effect of bad condition on work place before(Anon:2003). People can be fresh until die if we got a good environment. We don’t need any pension and can still work productivly until die if we has a balanced lifstyle

“Jasmani atau fisik adalah amanah dari Allah swt,karena itu harus kita jaga . Dalam sebuah hadits dikatakan ,"Mu'min yang kuat itu lebih baik atau disukai Allah daripada mu'min yang lemah."(HR.Muslim), maka jasmani pun harus dipenuhi kebutuhannya agar menjadi kuat. Kebutuhannya adalah makanan, yaitu makanan yang halalan thoyyiban (halal dan baik) (QS.80:24,2:168), beristirahat (QS.78:9), kebutuhan biologis (QS.30:20-21) dan hal-hal lain yang menjadikan jasmani kuat(Hardian:1998).”

"Body is an ‘amanah’ from Allah of swt, so we have to take care of it. In a hadits told ," strong Mu'min that's better than weak muslim."(HR.Muslim), We should fulfill our body requirement in order to become health. Its requirement is food, that is food which is good and lawful( QS.80:24,2:168), resting ( QS.78:9), requirement of biologis ( QS.30:20-21) and other thing which make body strong.”

So, pension is a very controversial topic. We shouldn’t debating it when. Should be faster or longer? What we should do is has a good lifestyle and we will never get pension. And we’ll be always can work for our God, Nation,and Almamater.

_______(2003) Kebijakan Pasar Tenaga Kerja dan Hubungan Industrial untuk

Memperluas Kesempatan Kerja, 58.

Hardian, Novi et all (1998). Super Mentoring. Bandung, CO: Syamil.

Description task2

This my part of a machine wich I draw for final Task of Dasar Perancangan Teknik Industri Lecture. This picture shown from top view. There is four circle which have same central point. The central point is up 13.4 mm up from origin point and 14.4mm left from origin point. By the way, origin point is on the lef down corner of conical picture. Each of the circle has different diameter. There are 3; 6; 15,2; and 15,8 mm

No Certain Age To Retire (task 5)

As time goes by, we’ll become older. It means that our brain and our body will not work as good as when we’re younger. For example, maybe we’ll forget something easily and harder to concentrate. If that happens, there’s a lot of chance we can’t finish our work well. That’s why for those who work to other people, it is appropriate if one day he will quit from his job in range of certain age. But for those who are entrepreneurs, they could work as long as they want. Even if he stops working, usually it’s because of his healthy is not well anymore.

In fact, for the boss of the office, it’s not an easy thing to retire his employer. The boss will look out how the employer’s willing to work and productivity. If the employer’s age is old enough but still has high productivity and willing, the boss will think more than once to retire him. On the other hand, the boss will easily retire his employer who has low productivity and willingness even though the employer is still young.

Even if the productive employer is retired, maybe it’s because the boss see the potency of the newcomer. Or maybe the retired employer is someone who has the lowest productivity among other employers who has high productivity. The healthy of the employer is also a reason to be retired.

Over all, there is no certain age for someone to retire. “It depends whether you're looking at the issue from the point of view of the employee. (Peter Calver, http://comment.ft.com/2/OpenTopic?q=Y&a=tpc&s=646099322&f=386092324&m=2770964011).” It also depends to the employer’s quality itself.

What age should be people retired?

The retirement age varies from country to country. In some countries the average worker is obliged to retire at the age of 50, while in others people can work until they are 65 or 70. Meanwhile, there are some politicians both in our country and other countries enjoy power until they are eighties. So, what age should be people retired?

This essay will explain my argument about until what age people should be encouraged to remain in paid employment.

The variation of retirement age among nations is not apart from many factors. They are political, social, and economic sectors. For instance, the retirement age in developed country is different with developing country, like Indonesia which has different conditions with another country. Thus, it is a little bit difficult to determine the standard of retirement age.

In my opinion, the retirement age is approximately at 65 or 70 because during those ages, people still can work well. Productive age of people is in the range of 20 to 70 (J. Schwartz 2007; The Magic of Thinking Big: 20). According to Wikipedia searching result, it is known that in the United States, most view 65 as normal retirement age. However, the Old Age Survivors Insurance or OASI, better known as the Social Security system has age 62 as the earliest retirement age. Normal retirement age for Social Security has historically been age 65 to receive unreduced benefits, but it is gradually increasing to age 67.

However, the retirement age is not an absolute thing because we must see from many perspectives, not only from one side. Therefore, we can not determine how old a person must be retired, while he has a great potency which is quite beneficial for his surroundings. For example, a professor, lawyer, politician who is really good in their work, it is fine to employ them until death if they want.

In conclusion, the age people encouraged to remain in paid employment is in the point where a person’s productivity decreased dramatically. It is estimated about in the range 65 and 70.

Way to Make Glass

Our daily life can not be apart from using glass, but do you know process of making a glass is not easy as we think. It is quite complicated. Glass is made by a combination of sand, flint, soda, and limestone. In some case, it is also added with one or other of the fixed alkali or with a metallic oxide. All of those substances are put into a furnace to be burnt. The heat in the furnace must be kept up until the glass is brought to a state of perfect fusion. And during this process any scum which arises must be removed by ladles. When the glass is perfectly melted, the glass-blowers commence their operations.

The next step is separation of mixture to make two kinds of glass. They are adapted to different uses. They are plate glass and bottle glass. There is a little different process between them. For the bottle glass, the mixture from furnace is flowed through with air, while for the plate glass the mixture is directly flowed to rollers to be formed. The plate is cast 1/2 an inch thick or more, and is ground down to a proper degree of thickness, and then polished. Meanwhile, the mixture of bottle glass is flowed into removable mold. It needs a period of time to wait the mixture is formed to be bottle. After it is dried off mold is removed. By following these directions, we know a new knowledge of making glass.

Task 5 : Unequal Retirement Age

All countries have their own retirement age and they have their own policy to regulate their citizens. They could decide the most suitable age for their citizens to retire. Fifty, as a retirement age, creates a contradiction for people who really need their jobs and are not ready to be unemployments. “Unemployment is the state in which a person is without work, unavailable to work, and is currently seeking work,” (Anon,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unemployment) which burdens those who really need their job to live. There are conditions where some people are still working when they are already wealthy and there are also conditions where some people have to retire although they really need their job to continue living. The best alternative is deciding retirement age based on how much the workers need their jobs, considering how important those jobs matter for them or on how important they are for their jobs.

Deciding retirement age considering how important those jobs matter for them is the best way for people whose having problems to survive without income. Those are people who does not have side job, have a big family, or whose younger member of the family does not qualify in filling job vacancies. This condition will always exist for those whose money is not adequate for their younger member of the family to receive education. Young workers who are not educated find searching for jobs is hard. If none of their family members produce an income, it will make them harder to survive. This is why old workers should not be forced to retire in the age of fifty. If their younger member of their family could not earn for their life, the older member should keep working as long as they still want to and capable. Not letting the older worker to keep working might cause their family hard to continue living which might start side problems such as criminality and high level of poverty.

There are other condition why retirement aged should not be equaled. Some important jobs require high level of smartness, experiences and maturity. Those are criteria which are usually found in older workers. Compared to them, young workers are more lack of experience and having unstable emotional condition. Such job as politician, needs those criteria which shows that old workers are still needed although it is already their time to retire. The retirement age should be accelerated for those who are not really needed to be positioned in that job and those who could survive without the job. The other way, if the workers are really needed for the job, the retirement age should be postponed until there are new workers who could replace the old workers.

In conclusion, the retirement age could not be decided if the decision is equal for all of the citizens. There must be second thought based on two aspects, how much the workers need their jobs, and how important they are for their jobs. This is the best way to create prosperous condition for everyone, the riches and the pauper.

Retirement age TASK 5

Are government obliged to set a boundary of retirement age? There's quite a debate of this situation. People have already had in mind that human whose age is greater than some numbers, then he can't be efficient enough to run his job in everywhere he works. As a matter of fact, this statement is not always true. It is, however, proven by medical researches, that older people commonly has a deteriorated body than the younger ones. But there are many things that makes older people not less valuable than the Y generation these days.
People should be given freedom to choose whenever he wants to retire. Even with a less energetic body than the younger ones, older people are always has a irreplaceable experience in the job field they spend their life. This experience can't be replaced with a college material, books, or anything else except practice. That's why, in many corporation older people are usually given a position that is less exhausting and more knowledge-sharing kind of job to the freshman of the corporation.
The fact can't be changed, however, knowing that people with older body will always be haunted with old-age-illness such as heart attack, stroke, and many others due to its condition that has a smaller tolerance with unhealthy lifestyle, food, and activities. So, people with old age, considered civilized enough to determine when they should take their time to enjoy what they have achieved in life and leave the job to his younger successor.
There is another solution for this kind of matter. Older people could always be accepted at several kinds of job field such as : education, health care, nonprofits, government. These job fields offer an acceptable salaries as well as flexible work schedule. In this way, older people could not only spend their life by helping others with their rich experience of life but also get a freedom in planning their schedule to keep their bodies fit so that they could have a longer and healthier life.
In summary, people with old age should be given the rights to set their own retirement age due to his many experience, he is considered has the wisdom to choose the proper time of their retirement age. And he could always be accepted at several job fields because of their experiences are essential to create a better methods, practices, laws, and many others in order to create a better generation of the future.

References:
http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1619545,00.html

Pandu Kuntoaji
13407021

TASK 2 : Badminton

Badminton is a sport game which needs two players in minimum to play single game, or four players in maximum to play double game. To play badminton, racquet is a must-have tool for the players and they need a shuttlecock in minimum. A badminton court has rectangular shape, and is divided into two by a net. Players score points by striking a shuttlecock with their racquet so that it passes over the net and lands in their opponents' court. They can do drop shot, smash, or netting, but the shuttlecock may only be struck once, not like a volley game. A badminton rally ends if the shuttlecock drops in the ground. If the shuttlecock's dropping position is inside the court, then the last striker will get the point and vice versa. Which player reaches 21 points first, will be the winner of the game.

Best Time to Retire

Retirement is a state of being retired from an occupation or employment. The age of retirement and its other specification is simply organized by the government. This adjustment is done by the government and decided after various observations on people’s health, strength, and productivity on several phase of aging. At the end, the government has finally set the age of retirement varies from age 55 to age 80, and this decision is varied from one country to another. For example, in one country, people who have retire from their job is also stopped receiving salary. But, in the other hand, such as in the USA, people who have retire is still receiving salary, even at the lowest rate.
As I said above, the terms and conditions in deciding on what age should one retires depend on many factors. For instance, the labor. The retirement age of labor is easily predicted, they won’t be able to work after reaching 50s, simply because they work with their power, and age pretty much affects one’s strength and leads to one’s productivity. Meanwhile, for businessman, they have this instinct to invest. So, eventhough they decide to retire young, they must have been thinking about the saving, investment, and another business to come. On the other hand, we can still see politicians doing their job on the age of 70s. Basically, they also have this age limit to work and being retired. but the difference is, they can still work behind the screen. Every job, especially politician and medical experts work best by their experiences, and this becomes a big opportunity for them to keep working until the age of 70s or even 80s.
In the end, we can not distinguish or decide the best age to retire subjectively. Every kind of job has its own specifications and requirements to choose when the worker has to stop working and start being retired. So, it is not our role to tell when people should retire. It’s the employer role to observe, discuss, and decide when their employees have to stop working.

reference :
Anon. (2008 May). Retirement. [Online Article]. Retrieved May, 14, 2008 from the World Wide Web : (http://www.ssa.gov/retirement/)

Anon. (2008 May). Retirement. [Online Article]. Retrieved May, 11, 2008 from the World Wide Web : (http://www.usa.gov/Topics/Seniors/Retirement.shtml)

The Retirement Age

Wikipedia Encyclopedia is defining retirement as the point where a person stops employment completely. At this point (certain age), man is a pensioner and will stop working gradually and decrease his weary activity. Their income from their job before will be decrease gradually until finally stop. To support their life, pensioners may provided through the family and use their saving or pension from government or the company they worked for before which is in poor countries this is rarely happen. In some countries, retirement age is different for male and females and sometimes for certain jobs. The most dangerous or fatiguing ones in particular, have an earlier retirement age than others. For example, many politicians, scientists, lawyers, television anchors, and professors still work well into their 70s. Nevertheless, general retirement age is between 55 and 70. I think there are two main reasons for the difference: from the country condition and then employee necessity. They are easily looked different if we compare poor or developed countries with progressive countries.

In some developed and poor countries, sometimes there isn’t certain age for retirement. This is because to sponsoring pensioners, government must have budget, big budget actually, which is they haven’t. This big budget rises from pensioner necessity for health and good living. In the other hand, there are so many new and young ones which are ready to change the old generation. If they were not employed, unemployed problem would be raised and make other problems like criminal, social depressed, and social flaming, come together. So, many countries prefer to give small and inadequate pension in early retirement age. For example, the retirement age in India for public sector employees is enhanced from 58-60 years in July 2007 and in Malaysia the retirement age has just recently been raised from 55 years to 56 years. So to fulfill their need, a pensioner which is hasn’t sufficient savings also semi retires and keeps some sort of retirement job with their physical boundary which is out of choice. This condition will be more serious when inflation has reduced the value of available which is happen in many industrialized countries. Pension income below that required to maintain a reasonable standard of living. This condition is different in progressive countries in Europe and America.

In progressive countries the worker population is lower. They open recruitment widely for the best and selective workers from all countries included developed and poor countries. Even, to fulfill the employee necessity there are many corporations which still recruit old/retired workers because they still need them for experience, attitude, and loyalty. They prefer professional as the old than the young. For example, in the United States normal retirement age is 65 and the Old Age Survivors Insurance or OASI, better known as the social security system has age 62 as the earliest retirement age. In this country, pensioner is maintained well and they are supported with adequate pension because the government still have budget for it and they concern about this problem.

So, I think for retirement age there is no special and certain age. It is depended to the country condition, employee necessity, and off course the job. Each country has its judgment for retirement age and sometimes we don’t know why because for this problem there are so many factors and political business included.

Reference :

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retirement#Retirement_age

The Retirement Age

Wikipedia Encyclopedia is defining retirement as the point where a person stops employment completely. At this point (certain age), man is a pensioner and will stop working gradually and decrease his weary activity. Their income from their job before will be decrease gradually until stop at certain age. To support their life, pensioners may provided through the family and use their saving or pension from government or the company they worked for before which is in poor countries this is rarely happen. In some countries retirement age is different for male and females and sometimes for certain jobs. The most dangerous or fatiguing ones in particular, have an earlier retirement age than others. For example, many politicians, scientists, lawyers, television anchors, and professors still work well into their 70s. Nevertheless, general retirement age is between 55 and 70. I think there are two main reasons for the difference: from the country condition and then employee necessity. They are easily looked different if we compare poor or developed countries with progressive countries.

Some developed and poor countries, sometimes there isn’t certain age for retirement. This is because to sponsoring pensioners, government must have budget, big budget actually, which is they haven’t. This big budget rises from pensioner necessity for health and good living. In the other hand, there are so many new and young ones which are ready to change them. So, many countries prefer to give small and inadequate pension in early retirement age. For example, the retirement age in India for public sector employees is enhanced from 58-60 years in July 2007 and in Malaysia the retirement age has just recently been raised from 55 years to 56 years. So to fulfill their need a pensioner which is hasn’t sufficient savings also semi retires and keeps some sort of retirement job with their physical boundary which is out of choice. This condition will be more serious when inflation has reduced the value of available which is happen in many industrialized countries. Pension income below that required to maintain a reasonable standard of living. This condition is different in progressive countries in Europe and America.

In progressive countries population is lower. They open recruitment widely for the best and selective workers from other countries included developed and poor countries. Even, to fulfill the employee necessity there are many corporations which still recruit old/retired workers because they still need them for experience, attitude, and loyalty. They prefer professional as the old than the young. For example, in the United States normal retirement age is 65 and the Old Age Survivors Insurance or OASI, better known as the social security system has age 62 as the earliest retirement age. In this country, pensioner is maintained well and they are supported with adequate pension.

So, I think for retirement age there is no special and certain age. It is depended to the country condition, employee necessity, and off course the job. Each country has its judgment for retirement age and sometimes we don’t know why because for this problem there are so many factors and political business included.

Reference :

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retirement#Retirement_age

Television Viewing Is Not a Daily Routine

Television viewing has been one of major habits that most people do every day, as if it were listed on their daily schedule. Nowadays, people usually watch television more than two hours a day. However, I am certain that there are some harmful disadvantages by making watching television as a daily routine.

Firstly, it will waste people’s precious time. People can spend more time having fun with their family and friends, picking up their hobbies, or even starting a part-time business to entertain their selves, instead of watching television. There are a lot of amusing things to do which is more positive and advantageous than watching television. In short, television will only kill their time.

However, watching some educating channels will give people some advantages, such as getting more knowledge from education shows, updating their news information from news channels, and so on. Watching television is a resource that can be used to educate people of all ages. Furthermore, some schools often use television as a way to educate students by demonstrating things that can not be done in the classroom.

Yet, watching television is still detrimental for people, especially youngsters, since it encourages passivity. One example of the harmful television program is soap operas. The soap operas on television are neither entertaining nor educating. Those programs simply depict "real life" and makes people imagining fake happiness despite of trying to make their dreams come true. This is principally detrimental to youngsters who have to be energetic to bring their thoughts into reality.

In conclusion, even though watching television can be used as an educational tool, people should not watch television and make it as a daily ritual since it will not give people anything more than killing their precious time. There are a lot of things to do which is better and more beneficial than watching television and gives people good educating entertainment other than watching television.

The Right Time to Retire

Retirement is the point where a person stops employment completely.(anon,www.wikipedia.org/retirement). People retire because of so many reasons such as finally reach the age of retire, physical problem, or they already have enough money in their savings. The age of retirement is usually adjusted by government. Otherwise, in some companies, the board of directors is the one who adjust the system. The common age to retire is 55-80. There are many cases where people argument about this retirement system. Most of them do not agree about the contents of the retirement system rules and the maximum age limit to work. I personally think that 60 is the best age to retire.
Each person has their own physical limitation. Every profession requires different kind of requirement. Being an entertainer means that you always have to be in a good condition, whether physically or healthiness. Being a field worker, you have to maintain your body to be strong and fit in every time and condition. When you reach a certain age, your body strength will degrade and you will be less immune than ever. These kind of jobs requires good physical appearance and quality. When somebody reaches the age of 60 his body physical quality will have decreased and it can be a big resistance to work regularly.
On the other hand, many people think that when people reach the age of 60 or more, they become wiser and have better point of view of everything. It happens because these people have more experiences in life, so they have a sharp intuition to decide crucial things. That’s why some people who hold important roles in the top management of some companies, politicians, and professors are in the age of 60 or more.
However, the age of 60 is the best time to retire because when we reach that age, our body will not operate as good as it used to. Because of this, a person who has reached that age will not be able to work productively.

Reference :
Anon. (2007. July). Retirement. [Online article]. Retrieved 15 May, 2008 from the World Wide Website: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retirement